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Stair Code Requirements (IRC, IBC, OSHA, ADA)

Everything the stair calculators check, explained: the exact riser, tread, headroom, width, handrail and guard limits — for homes, commercial buildings, workplaces and accessibility.

What the stair calculators check

Every Stairs Calc tool checks your dimensions against the building code you select. The four US codes cover different situations, and four international codes are included for readers outside the US. The limits below are what the Code panel enforces — but local jurisdictions adopt and amend codes, so always confirm against your local adopted edition before you build.

The limits, side by side

86 building codes across 6 regions. The 8 US/UK/EU codes are primary-source verified; international rows are indicative — confirm against your locally adopted code.

Swipe the table sideways to see all 11 metrics →

CodeMax riserMin riserMin run (going)Uniformity toleranceMin headroomMin widthHandrail heightGuard heightGuard trigger (drop)Baluster max sphereMax rise between landings
United States
US – Accessibility (ADA) 7"4"11"3/8"6' 8"36"34"–38"
US – Commercial (IBC) 7"4"11"3/8"6' 8"44"34"–38"42"30"4"12'
US – Residential (IRC) 7 11/16"10"3/8"6' 8"36"34"–38"36"30"4 3/8"12' 7"
US – Workplace (OSHA) 9 1/2"9 1/2"6' 8"22"30"–38"42"
Europe
Albania low confidence8 1/4"5 1/2"11 7/16"6' 2 13/16"35 7/16"35 7/16"–39 3/8"35 7/16"8' 3 3/16"
Austria high confidence7 1/16"10 5/8"6' 10 11/16"47 1/4"35 7/16"–43 5/16"39 3/8"4 3/4"11' 9 3/4"
Belarus medium confidence5 7/8"9 13/16"6' 6 3/4"35 7/16"35 7/16"–39 3/8"35 7/16"3 15/16"8' 10 5/16"
Belgium medium confidence7 1/16"7 7/8"31 1/2"35 7/16"–39 3/8"43 5/16"4 5/16"
Bosnia and Herzegovina low confidence7 1/2"9 13/16"7' 2 5/8"43 5/16"35 7/16"–39 3/8"39 3/8"4 3/4"11' 2 5/8"
Bulgaria medium confidence8 11/16"9 13/16"6' 6 3/4"47 1/4"35 7/16"–39 3/8"35 7/16"3 9/16"3' 11 1/4"
Croatia medium confidence7 1/2"9 13/16"6' 10 11/16"43 5/16"35 7/16"–35 7/16"39 3/8"5 1/2"
Cyprus high confidence7 1/16"5 5/16"11"6' 10 11/16"47 1/4"27 9/16"–35 7/16"43 5/16"3 15/16"10' 7 9/16"
Czechia high confidence7 1/2"5 7/8"8 1/4"6' 10 11/16"35 7/16"35 7/16"–47 1/4"39 3/8"4 3/4"10' 7 9/16"
Denmark medium confidence7 1/16"9 13/16"6' 10 11/16"39 3/8"31 1/2"–31 1/2"39 3/8"3 1/2"
Estonia low confidence6 5/16"10 5/8"6' 10 11/16"35 7/16"35 7/16"–35 7/16"39 3/8"4 5/16"
Finland high confidence7 1/2"9 13/16"6' 4 3/4"33 7/16"35 7/16"–39 3/8"35 7/16"3 15/16"
France medium confidence8 1/4"6 5/16"8 1/4"6' 2 13/16"27 9/16"31 1/2"–39 3/8"39 3/8"4 5/16"17' 2 11/16"
Germany (DIN 18065) 7 7/8"5 1/2"9 1/16"3/16"6' 6 3/4"31 1/2"35 7/16"–43 5/16"35 7/16"39 3/8"4 5/16"
Greece high confidence7 1/16"5 1/8"9 13/16"7' 2 5/8"35 7/16"35 7/16"–39 3/8"39 3/8"5 7/8"11' 9 3/4"
Hungary high confidence7 7/8"10 1/4"6' 6 3/4"31 1/2"35 7/16"–39 3/8"37 3/8"4 3/4"9' 10 1/8"
Iceland high confidence7 1/16"4 3/4"9 7/16"6' 10 11/16"35 7/16"31 1/2"–35 7/16"35 7/16"3 1/2"10' 9 15/16"
Ireland high confidence8 11/16"8 11/16"6' 6 3/4"31 1/2"35 7/16"–39 3/8"35 7/16"3 15/16"11' 6 9/16"
Italy medium confidence6 7/8"11 13/16"6' 10 11/16"31 1/2"35 7/16"–39 3/8"39 3/8"3 15/16"
Latvia high confidence7 1/16"4 3/4"9 7/16"35 7/16"35 7/16"–39 3/8"43 5/16"4 3/4"
Lithuania high confidence7 7/8"9 13/16"6' 6 3/4"35 7/16"35 7/16"–39 3/8"35 7/16"4 3/4"10' 1/2"
Luxembourg medium confidence6 11/16"9 13/16"7' 2 5/8"47 1/4"35 7/16"–39 3/8"35 7/16"3 15/16"
Malta medium confidence8 11/16"8 11/16"6' 6 3/4"35 7/16"35 7/16"–39 3/8"35 7/16"3 15/16"25' 11 13/16"
Moldova high confidence5 7/8"9 13/16"6' 6 3/4"35 7/16"35 7/16"–39 3/8"47 1/4"3 15/16"8' 10 5/16"
Montenegro medium confidence7 1/16"11"7' 2 5/8"47 1/4"35 7/16"–39 3/8"43 5/16"3 15/16"7' 1 1/16"
Netherlands high confidence7 3/8"8 11/16"7' 6 9/16"31 1/2"31 1/2"–39 3/8"39 3/8"3 15/16"13' 1 1/2"
North Macedonia medium confidence7 1/16"11"6' 10 11/16"43 5/16"35 7/16"–39 3/8"39 3/8"3 15/16"10' 7 9/16"
Norway high confidence7 11/16"9 13/16"6' 6 3/4"31 1/2"27 9/16"–35 7/16"35 7/16"3 15/16"10' 9 15/16"
Poland high confidence7 1/2"9 13/16"6' 6 3/4"31 1/2"35 7/16"–39 3/8"35 7/16"4 3/4"
Portugal medium confidence7 5/8"9 13/16"7' 10 1/2"31 1/2"33 7/16"–35 7/16"43 5/16"3 9/16"7' 10 1/2"
Romania high confidence6 7/8"10 5/8"6' 6 3/4"37 3/8"35 7/16"–35 7/16"35 7/16"3 15/16"
Russia high confidence8 11/16"1 15/16"9 13/16"7' 2 5/8"41 5/16"35 7/16"–39 3/8"35 7/16"3 15/16"11' 6 9/16"
Serbia high confidence7 1/16"11"7' 2 5/8"47 1/4"35 7/16"–39 3/8"43 5/16"4 3/4"10' 1/2"
Slovakia high confidence7 7/8"5 7/8"8 1/4"6' 10 11/16"35 7/16"35 7/16"–47 1/4"39 3/8"4 3/4"10' 7 9/16"
Slovenia medium confidence7 1/2"9 13/16"6' 6 3/4"31 1/2"35 7/16"–39 3/8"39 3/8"4 3/4"
Spain high confidence7 7/8"8 11/16"6' 10 11/16"31 1/2"35 7/16"–43 5/16"35 7/16"3 15/16"10' 6"
Sweden high confidence7 7/8"9 13/16"6' 6 3/4"35 7/16"35 7/16"–39 3/8"35 7/16"3 15/16"
Switzerland medium confidence7 1/2"10 1/4"6' 10 11/16"35 7/16"33 7/16"–35 7/16"39 3/8"4 3/4"
Turkey high confidence7 1/16"10 5/8"6' 10 11/16"47 1/4"35 7/16"–39 3/8"43 5/16"3 15/16"9' 10 1/8"
UK (Part K) 8 11/16"5 7/8"8 11/16"6' 6 3/4"35 7/16"–39 3/8"35 7/16"23 5/8"3 15/16"
Ukraine medium confidence7 7/8"7 1/16"41 5/16"35 7/16"–39 3/8"47 1/4"
Asia-Pacific
Afghanistan low confidence7 11/16"10"6' 8"36"34"–38"36"4"12'
Australia (NCC) 7 1/2"4 1/2"9 7/16"3/8"6' 6 3/4"34 1/16"–43 5/16"39 3/8"39 3/8"4 15/16"
Bangladesh medium confidence9 1/16"13"7' 1"44 1/8"33 7/8"–37 13/16"41 5/16"3 15/16"12'
China high confidence6 7/8"10 1/4"7' 2 5/8"43 5/16"35 7/16"–39 3/8"47 1/4"4 5/16"10' 4"
India medium confidence7 1/2"9 13/16"7' 2 5/8"35 7/16"35 7/16"–39 3/8"35 7/16"3 15/16"7' 5 3/4"
Indonesia low confidence7 7/8"11"6' 6 3/4"47 1/4"34 1/16"–38"39 3/8"3 15/16"
Japan high confidence9 1/16"5 7/8"6' 10 11/16"29 1/2"35 7/16"–39 3/8"43 5/16"4 5/16"13' 1 1/2"
Malaysia high confidence7 1/16"10 1/16"6' 6 3/4"32 1/2"–35 7/16"39 3/8"13' 11 5/16"
Myanmar high confidence8"4"10"7'36"36"–39 3/8"36"4"
Nepal high confidence7 1/2"9 13/16"6' 6 3/4"35 7/16"35 7/16"–35 7/16"39 3/8"
Pakistan medium confidence7 1/16"9 1/16"6' 10 11/16"47 1/4"35 7/16"–39 3/8"
Philippines high confidence7 7/8"9 13/16"6' 6 3/4"29 1/2"31 1/2"–35 7/16"43 5/16"11' 9 3/4"
South Korea high confidence7 1/16"10 1/4"6' 10 11/16"47 1/4"33 7/16"–33 7/16"47 1/4"3 15/16"9' 10 1/8"
Thailand high confidence7 7/8"8 11/16"6' 2 13/16"31 1/2"35 7/16"–39 3/8"9' 10 1/8"
Uzbekistan medium confidence6 11/16"5 1/8"11"41 5/16"35 7/16"–39 3/8"35 7/16"10' 1/2"
Vietnam high confidence7 1/2"1 15/16"9 13/16"6' 6 3/4"27 9/16"35 7/16"–39 3/8"35 7/16"3 15/16"
Americas
Argentina high confidence7 1/16"9 1/16"6' 6 3/4"39 3/8"33 7/16"–39 3/8"33 7/16"4 3/4"12' 4 13/16"
Brazil medium confidence7 1/16"6 5/16"11"6' 10 11/16"47 1/4"27 9/16"–36 1/4"43 5/16"4 5/16"10' 6"
Canada (NBC) 7 7/8"4 15/16"10 1/16"3/8"6' 4 3/4"33 7/8"34 1/16"–42 1/8"35 7/16"23 5/8"3 15/16"12' 1 11/16"
Colombia high confidence7 1/16"3 15/16"11"6' 6 3/4"29 1/2"27 9/16"–35 7/16"11' 5 13/16"
Mexico high confidence7 1/16"3 15/16"9 13/16"35 7/16"35 7/16"–39 3/8"35 7/16"8' 10 5/16"
Peru high confidence7 1/16"9 13/16"6' 10 11/16"35 7/16"33 7/16"–39 3/8"39 3/8"5 7/8"10' 1/2"
Venezuela medium confidence7 7/8"5 7/8"10 1/4"47 1/4"29 1/2"–35 7/16"35 7/16"5 7/8"7' 10 1/2"
Middle East
Iran medium confidence7 1/16"3 15/16"11"6' 8 11/16"43 5/16"33 7/16"–35 7/16"35 7/16"4 5/16"12' 1 11/16"
Iraq low confidence7 7/8"9 13/16"35 7/16"–39 3/8"
Saudi Arabia medium confidence7 7/8"9 13/16"6' 6 3/4"35 7/16"34 1/16"–38"42"3 15/16"12'
Yemen low confidence7 7/8"9 13/16"6' 6 3/4"35 7/16"34 1/16"–38"42"3 15/16"12'
Africa
Algeria low confidence6 5/16"12 5/8"31 1/2"35 7/16"–39 3/8"39 3/8"4 5/16"
Angola medium confidence7 5/8"9 13/16"31 1/2"35 7/16"–39 3/8"
DR Congo low confidence8 1/4"6 5/16"8 1/4"6' 2 13/16"27 9/16"35 7/16"–39 3/8"39 3/8"4 5/16"
Egypt high confidence6 11/16"10 5/8"6' 10 11/16"43 5/16"35 7/16"–47 1/4"35 7/16"5 7/8"7' 9 11/16"
Ethiopia low confidence7 7/8"9 13/16"7' 10 1/2"35 7/16"–39 3/8"
Ghana medium confidence7 1/2"9 13/16"6' 6 3/4"35 7/16"35 7/16"–39 3/8"39 3/8"3 15/16"
Kenya medium confidence7 1/2"9"6' 9"30"35 7/16"–39 3/8"33"5"10'
Morocco low confidence6 5/16"11"47 1/4"31 1/2"–39 3/8"35 7/16"
Mozambique medium confidence7 5/8"9 13/16"31 1/2"35 7/16"–39 3/8"
Nigeria high confidence7 1/16"3 15/16"11"6' 10 11/16"36"34"–38"43 5/16"5 7/8"9' 10 1/8"
South Africa medium confidence7 7/8"9 13/16"6' 10 11/16"29 1/2"33 7/16"–39 3/8"39 3/8"3 15/16"9' 10 1/8"
Sudan low confidence7 7/8"9 13/16"35 7/16"–39 3/8"
Tanzania low confidence7 1/2"9"6' 9"30"33"–39 3/8"33"5"
Uganda high confidence6 7/8"9 1/16"6' 10 11/16"35 7/16"33 1/16"–39 3/8"35 7/16"4 15/16"8' 7/16"

IRC vs IBC at a glance

LimitIRC (residential)IBC (commercial)
Max riser7¾″7″
Min tread/run10″11″
Min width36″44″
Guard height36″42″
Rise between landings12′-7″12 ft

IRC, IBC, OSHA and ADA explained

Swipe the table sideways to compare every code →

The four US stair codes at a glance — values flip with the unit toggle, pulled live from the code engine.
RequirementIRC 2021IBC 2021OSHA 1910.25ADA 2010
Max riser7 11/16"7"9 1/2"7"
Min run (going)10"11"9 1/2"11"
Min headroom6' 8"6' 8"6' 8"6' 8"
Handrail height34"–38"34"–38"30"–38"34"–38"

IRC — homes

The International Residential Code governs one- and two-family homes. It allows the most generous steps: a maximum 7¾″ riser and a minimum 10″ tread, with 6′8″ headroom, a 36″ minimum width, and a handrail once there are four or more risers (R311.7).

IBC — commercial buildings

The International Building Code is stricter because more people use the stairs: a 7″ riser, an 11″ tread, and a wider 44″ minimum (or 36″ when the occupant load is under 50). Guards are 42″ tall versus the IRC’s 36″ (1011, 1015).

OSHA — workplaces

OSHA 1910.25 covers fixed industrial stairs: risers up to 9½″, an angle band of 30–50°, and a 22″ minimum width. It is the most permissive on pitch.

ADA — accessibility

Where stairs are part of an accessible route, the ADA matches the IBC step size but prohibits open risers and requires handrails on both sides — and note that stairs can never be the accessible route on their own; a ramp or elevator must be provided.

Comfort vs code

Code limits are minimums for safety, not targets for comfort. A stair can pass code and still feel steep. Aim for the 7-11 rule — about a 7″ rise with an 11″ run — which satisfies both classic comfort formulas (2 × rise + run ≈ 24″25″ and rise + run ≈ 17″18″) and lands near a comfortable 32–33°.

Three accuracy clarifications

  • The IBC “12-foot” rule. The maximum vertical rise between landings is 12 ft under the IBC and 12′-7″ under the IRC — close, but not the same number.
  • A 7-11 stair is 32.5°, not 37°. The angle is atan(7 ÷ 11) = 32.5°. The “37°” figure you’ll find online comes from pairing a 7″ rise with a too-short run.
  • “Going” varies by class of building. Minimum tread/going differs between residential and commercial codes (10″ vs 11″), so the same stair can pass one code and fail another — which is exactly why the calculator lets you switch jurisdictions.

Stair codes by country

Building outside the US? These pages lead with each country’s own riser, going, headroom, handrail and guard limits, cite the code edition and official source, and compare it to the IRC.

UK stair code Approved Document KCanada stair code NBC 2020Australia stair code NCC 2022Germany stair code DIN 18065:2020Ireland stair code Building Regulations 2014, Technical Guidance Document K (TGD K) "Stairways, Ladders, Ramps and Guards" (in effect from 1 Jan 2015; gives effect to S.I. No. 180/2014)the Netherlands stair code Besluit bouwwerken leefomgeving (Bbl) 2024 (nieuwbouw, woonfunctie), formerly Bouwbesluit 2012; NEN 3509 walkability guidanceSweden stair code Boverkets byggregler (BBR), BFS 2011:6 ändrad t.o.m. BFS 2014:3, Avsnitt 8 'Säkerhet vid användning' (8:232, 8:2321, 8:2322, 8:34); dimensional figures partly from SS 914221:2006 (Byggnadsutformning – Bostäder, invändiga mått). Note: 'Möjligheternas byggregler' (new function-based rules, BFS 2024) in force 1 Jul 2025 with transition to 30 Jun 2026; it removes all allmänna råd, so the numeric figures below increasingly rely on SS 914221.Norway stair code TEK17 §12-14 (Trapp) & §12-15 (Utforming av rekkverk), Byggteknisk forskrift (FOR-2017-06-19-840) + DiBK 'Veiledning om tekniske krav til byggverk' / preaksepterte ytelserSpain stair code CTE DB-SUA (Código Técnico de la Edificación, Documento Básico de Seguridad de Utilización y Accesibilidad)Japan stair code Building Standard Act Enforcement Order (建築基準法施行令), Art. 23 (stair/landing width, riser, tread), Art. 24 (landings), Art. 25 (handrails), Art. 126 (guards)South Korea stair code 주택건설기준 등에 관한 규정 (Housing Construction Standards Decree, Arts. 16 & 18) + 건축물의 피난·방화구조 등의 기준에 관한 규칙 제15조 (Building Act Enforcement Rules on Evacuation/Fire-Protection Structures, Art. 15)Mexico stair code Reglamento de Construcciones para el DF (RCDF) + NTC para el Proyecto Arquitectonico, Sec 4.3 Escaleras (dominant national reference; Mexico has no single federal building code)

Check your stairs against these limits

Written by the Stairs Calc editorial team. Methodology and code references: see our methodology.

Built and maintained by builders, drafters and engineers who plan stairs for a living — every code limit is transcribed from the published standard and cited to its exact section.

Last reviewed 2026-06-20 against IRC 2021/2024

Stairs Calc gives accurate geometry and checks it against published building-code limits, but results are estimates for planning. Codes are adopted and amended locally and change over time. Always confirm dimensions against your local adopted code and a licensed professional before you build.